Given the root of a binary tree, write a program to check whether it is a valid binary search tree (BST) or not. A BST is valid if all nodes in the left subtree have values less than the node’s value, all nodes in the right subtree have values greater than the node’s value, and both left and right subtrees are also binary search trees.

Given two strings str1 and str2 of size m and n, write a program to check whether the two strings are an anagram of each other or not. A string str1 is an anagram of str2 if the characters of str1 can be rearranged to form str2.

Merge sort is one of the fastest comparison-based sorting algorithms, which works on the principle of the divide and conquer approach. The worst and best case time complexity of merge sort is O(nlogn), and space complexity is O(n). It is also the best algorithm for sorting linked lists.

A sorted and rotated array of size n is given, write a program to find the minimum element in the array. Rotation by k times means that the first k sorted elements of the array will move to the last k positions, and the last n - k sorted elements move to the first n - k positions (in an anti-clockwise fashion).

Given n non-negative integers representing an elevation map where the width of each bar is 1, compute how much water it can trap after raining. This is a famous interview problem to learn time and space complexity optimization using various approaches. Two-pointers approach provides an efficient solution in O(n) time and O(1) space.

The counting sort algorithm assumes that each n input element is an integer in the range 0 to k. So by using array indexing as a tool for determining relative order, counting sort can sort n numbers in O(k + n) time when k = O(n). In other words, counting sort is one of the popular linear time sorting algorithms that works in O(n) time complexity if input elements are an integer in the range 0 to k.

Given an array A[] of integers, find out the maximum difference between any two elements such that the larger element appears after the smaller element. In other words, we need to find max(A[j] - A[i]), where A[j] > A[i] and j > i. This is an excellent problem to learn problem-solving using divide and conquer, transform and conquer and a single loop.

Given a 2-dimensional matrix, print the elements in spiral order. We can imagine the spiral traversal as an ordered set of matrix segments with horizontal and vertical boundaries, where both boundaries are reduced by one at each step. This is a good matrix problem to learn problem-solving using iteration and recursion.

Given an array and a positive integer k, write a program to find the kth smallest element in the array. This is an excellent problem to learn problem-solving using the heap data structure. The quick-select approach (divide and conquer) is also worth exploring that helps optimize time complexity to O(n) time average.

Given an integer array X[] of size n, write a program to find all the leaders in the array X[]. An element is a leader if it is strictly greater than all the elements to its right side. So the largest and last element of an array is a leader by default. This is an excellent problem to learn problem-solving using a single loop and variables.

Given a string S[], write a program to sort it in decreasing order based on the frequency of the characters. The frequency of a character is the number of times it appears in the string. If two characters have the same frequency, whichever occurs earliest in S, must come first. In other words, the sorting must be stable.

Given an array X[] of n integers, find the length of the longest subarray with a sum equal to 0. In general, for all j > i, find max (j - i + 1) among all subarray with zero-sum. Note: the subarray length starting from index i and ending at index j will be j - i + 1. This is an excellent question to learn problem-solving using a hash table.

Given two sorted linked lists, write a program to find the intersections of the linked lists, and return the head of the new Linked List.

Given a singly linked list, write a program to find the middle node of the linked list. If the node count is even then we need to return the second middle node.

Given an array X[] of distinct elements, write a program to find all the unique triplets in the array whose sum is equal to zero. For example, suppose such triplets in the array are X[i], X[j] and X[k] then X[i] + X[j] + X[k] = 0. Note : solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

Write a program to implement a stack using the queues. The implemented stack should support standard operations like push(x), pop(), and top(). This is an excellent problem to learn problem-solving and visualize the use case of stack and queue operations.

Write a program to Implement a queue using the stack. The implemented queue should support standard operations like enqueue, dequeue, and front. This is an excellent problem to learn problem-solving and visualize the use case of stack and queue operations.

Given two integer arrays X[] and Y[], write a program to check if the arrays are equal or not. Two arrays are equal if they have the same elements in any order. If there are repeated elements, then counts of repeated elements must also be the same for both arrays.

Given an array, find the next greater element for every element in the array. The next greater element for an element is the first greater element on the right side of the array. This is one of the best problems to learn problem-solving using stack.

Given a Roman numeral, write a program to find its corresponding decimal value. Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I , V, X, L, C, D and M.

Write a program to detect the loop in a linked list. A linked list with a cycle causes iteration over the list to fail because the iteration will never reach the end of the list. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to detect that a linked list has no cycle before trying an iteration. So, we are going to discuss various algorithms to detect a loop in a singly linked list. This is also one of the best-linked list interview problems.

Write a program to reverse a linked list. A head pointer of a linked list is given and our task to reverse the entire list so that when the resulted list is traversed it looks like we are traversing the original list from tail to head.

If we want to make a change for a given value K of cents, and we have an infinite supply of each of coin[ ] = [C​1​​, C​2​​, …, C​m​​] valued coins, write a program to find the minimum number of coins required to make the change?

There are two sorted arrays A and B of size n each, write a program to find the median of the array obtained after merging both the arrays(i.e., an array of length 2n which is even). The median of a sorted array of size n is defined as the middle element when n is odd and the average of the middle two elements when n is even.

Write a program to find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters. Substring is the continuous sub-part of the string. The aim is to determine the maximum such subpart which has all the unique characters.

Given a boolean 2D array, where each row is sorted. Find the row with the maximum number of 1s. This is an excellent matrix problem that can be solved in linear time complexity. The best part is — we are using the sorted order property and nested loops to improve the solution over the binary search approach.

You are given an array of integers that is initially increasing and then decreasing, find the maximum value in the array.

Given an array of integers sorted in ascending order, find the first and last position of a given value. This is a good interview problem to learn problem-solving using binary search.

You are given an array X[] consisting of n elements, write a program to find majority element in an array i..e return the number which appears more than n/2 times. You may assume that the array is non-empty and the majority element always exists in the array. A majority element is an element that appears more than n/2 times, so there is at most one such element.

You are given a row-wise sorted 2D matrix and a given integer k, write a program to find whether the integer ‘k’ is present in the matrix or not. The matrix has the following properties: Integers in each row are sorted from left to right and the first integer of each row is greater than the last integer of the previous row.

Given an array X[] with n elements, we need to write a program to find the largest contiguous subarray sum. A subarray of array X[] of length n is a contiguous segment from X[i] through X[j] where 0<= i <= j <= n. Kadane algorithm idea is intuitive, using a single loop and few variables to solve the problem. We can use a similar idea to solve other coding problems.

Given an array of n integers and a target number, write a program to check whether a pair sum exits in the array or not. In other words, we need to check whether pair of elements in the array sum exactly to the target value.

Given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image, rotate the image by 90 degrees in an anticlockwise direction.

Quicksort is often the best practical choice for sorting because it works remarkably efficiently on average O(nlogn) time complexity. It is also one of the best algorithms to learn problem-solving using recursion and divide and conquer approach. In this blog, we have covered: 1) How quick sort works recursively? 2) Choosing a correct pivot value in the partition algorithm 3) Best, worst, and average-case time complexity analysis 4) Space complexity and essential properties of the quick sort. Explore and Enjoy!

Write a program to remove the duplicates from the sorted array. For this we are given a sorted array, the task is to remove the duplicate elements such that there is a single occurrence of each element in the array.

Given an array X[] consisting of 0s, 1s, and 2s. Write a program to sort the array of 0’s, 1’s, and 2’s in ascending order. This is a famous coding interview problem asked in facebook, microsoft and amazon.

Given an array X[] of size n, we need to find the maximum and minimum element present in the array. This coding problem has been asked during facebook and microsoft interview.